Discrimination in Labor

In the case of Sarah Crone vs. United Parcel Service, Inc. , decided by the United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, the court decided against the complainant, and held that there was lack of evidence to show that the employer was discriminatory in not considering her for the promotion. In said case Crone, a dispatcher of the employer corporation wanted to be promoted to the dispatcher supervisor position, when the said position became available.However, she was not promoted because the Department Manager and the Division Manager feared she might not be able to deal with confrontations, which are necessarily attached to the supervisory position. For Crone, this ground was discriminatory on account of sex. According to the court, Crone was unable to show that the company’s reason was a mere pretext to cover up its discriminatory purpose. (Crone v. UPS, Inc. , 2002).The issue of discrimination can indeed be raised in this case, considering that it initially appears that Crone was not considered for promotion merely because of some trait that the managers ascribed to her on account of her being a woman. It should be noted that discrimination exists where distinctions are made, â€Å"in favor of or against, a person or thing based on the group, class, or category to which that person or thing belongs rather than on individual merit. (Dictionary. com). Federal Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Laws prohibit all sorts of discriminatory practices of employers, which include making â€Å"employment decisions based on stereotypes or assumptions about the abilities, traits, or performance of individuals of a certain sex, race, age, religion, or ethnic group, or individuals with disabilities. † (Federal Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Laws).These EEO laws, which have been passed in most states, enjoin companies to provide equal employment opportunity to all their employees, without regard to irrelevant characteristics such as age, religion and sex. EEO laws, having been based on the fundamental principle of fairness, urges companies to allow equal opportunity for employees to succeed. (Fair Measures). Following these laws, therefore, the company’s decision to choose another person over Crone falls within the category of employment decisions that should not be tainted with discriminatory considerations.However, it cannot be said that the court’s decision in this case in dismissing the complaint could lead to unlawful excuses for discrimination in other settings, because the ruling was not a statement of a policy favoring the creation of biases against women. The ruling was based on facts. The company was able to substantiate its defense that it was justified in finding Crone unqualified for the position because of her lack of necessary skills to deal with confrontations, which evaluation was supported by an occasion where Crone came close to tears while a driver became confrontational with her.Thus, the court upheld the ruling in Kiel v. Select Artificials, Inc. , 169 F. 3d 1131, 1136 (8th Cir. ) (en banc), cert. denied, 528 U. S. 818 (1999), which said, â€Å"In the absence of any evidence of discriminatory intent, however, it is not the prerogative of the courts or jury to sit in judgment of employers’ management decisions. † (Crone v. UPS, Inc. , 2002). Thus, it would be premature to conclude that this decision veers away from the policy against discrimination, as it is clear that the company’s decision was based on cold facts.This writer believes that the above case does not require elaborate changes in the present EEO structure, as there is no danger of discrimination, provided that the law’s nuances and policy are carefully followed. The law provides for instances that could be considered discrimination. In the absence of sufficient proof of such discrimination, the law is correct in providing equal protection to employers who have the right to man age their business in accordance with their preferences.

Benefits of Allowing Students to Bring Pets With Them to College

Benefits of Allowing Students to Bring Pets With Them to College To most of us, pets are family and we treat them as such. We give them the love and affection they show us daily. They know when we are sad, happy, or even stressed, and always know how to make our day better. If you’ve grown up with a family pet, it might be hard to leave them at home when you go off to college. Becoming a college student in general is very stressful and eye-opening, especially if you go out of state. Losing one of your best friends can be a tough transition to go through when going through that milestone. Many college students go through stages of depression and anxiety and have almost no way to cope with it. Allowing students to bring pets with them to college is beneficial to them by helping them cope with stress, anxiety, depression, and loneliness. Scientists have concluded many studies proving that animals improve your overall health and well-being. â€Å"A study of women in China found that those who were dogs owners had fewer doctor visits, took fewer days off sick from work, and exercised more often than non-dog owners† (Casciotti, Zuckerman). These results were found because pets, to a lot of owners, are like family and are treated as such. Pets always know when we are sad, happy, or scared. For example, some dogs love to greet their owners when they get home after a day of work, or cats love to purr and rub against you when they want your affection. Studies have shown that no matter your age or disability, pets can you make you feel like you have â€Å"a sense of responsibility and purpose that contributes to their overall well-being† (Csciotti, Zuckerman). Although pets can be very loving and caring, they can also be very messy and hard to keep up with. Depending on the animal, training them can be a daunting task. Cleaning up after them and making sure they arent getting into things they arent supposed to is a struggle for all pet owners. This is why many parents get their kids pets when they are young. Owning a pet teaches the individual about responsibility and what it is like to own something and take great care of it. For example, learning how to teach dogs tricks, how to behave properly, not to beg, and potty train them are just a few ways they can teach you responsibility (Kaye). As child, this can develop into life long skills and help you mature quicker. As a college student, this could help you with time manage ment and learning how to do things independently. College teaches you how to become independent and transition from childhood to adulthood. For some, this is never easy to do. There are always some kids who come to college and arent familiar with how to be independent and not have to rely on your parents all of the time. Many soon dropout due to the overwhelming stress, anxiety, and not being able to handle doing everything on their own. Students come to college and get very homesick as well. This may be the result of missing their family and pets. For most, the hardest thing to do when you leave for college is to leave your childhood pet at home. Transitioning into to adulthood can be a very stressful time in everybodys life. You have to rely on your own income to stabilize yourself and be independent on where you live and find a stable job. Studies have shown that owing a dog through early adulthood can help reduce stress and anxiety. Pet owners in the early 20’s also have a higher success rate in finding a stable job with a living income (Robinson, Segal). Pets can also serve as a companion when lonely. Some can even act as an audience when reciting a big presentation or stress reliever when finals are creeping up. Many students have tried to bring â€Å"Therapy Dogs† to college. Their reasoning is that their dogs help them reduce the stress and anxiety that many young students face daily. Some can even detect panic attacks before they happen and help calm their owner down (Martin). The number of people being diagnosed with depression and ADHD have risen dramatically over the years. The demand for Therapy Dogs have also increased in response. Depression is a growing problem in the teen/early adulthood community. Statistics have shown that students facing stress and loneliness in college are more likely to commit suicide and take their own life. One study showed how owning a pet can reduce loneliness and depression. Theres a reason dogs are â€Å"Mans Beet Friend† and thats because they act as a companion and show you love and affection. Their bright attitudes and soft, furry coat are proven to relieve any anxiety or depression you might have (Casciotti, Zuckerman). College can be a very hard transition for most teens. Most come into college with a preexisting depression disorder. Starting college can be difficult since you are away from home, on your own, and self-dependent. It has been proven that having a pet can help ones mood. From being sad, lonely, and depressed, the subject immediately became happy and excited when brought a dog (Nagengast). The same was done with a cat and the results didnt vary. A study given to California University states that 86% of their students would want to bring their pet to college or would like to have a pet for college (Martin). Some colleges have even agreed to do testing and studies by allowing some students to have a pet for a certain amount of time and compare their work ethic and behavior over those weeks compared to when they did not own a pet. The results showed how students with dogs were happier and more engaged in the classroom. They did better on tests and performed academically and athletically b etter. Their grades went up and became more engaged in the college community. Those who didnt have a pet were more likely to go out and party and put off studying. They would also fall asleep in class, do poorly on school work, and become more secluded (Martin). College teaches you how to become independent and transition from childhood to adulthood. For some, this is never easy to do. There are always some kids who come to college and arent familiar with how to be independent and not have to rely on your parents all of the time. Many soon dropout due to the overwhelming stress, anxiety, and not being able to handle doing everything on their own. Students come to college and get very homesick as well. This may be the result of missing their family and pets. For most, the hardest thing to do when you leave for college is to leave your childhood pet at home. Transitioning into to adulthood can be a very stressful time in everybodys life. You have to rely on your own income to stabilize yourself and be independent on where you live and find a stable job. Studies have shown that owing a dog through early adulthood can help reduce stress and anxiety. Pet owners in the early 20’s also have a higher success rate in finding a stable job with a living income (Robinson, Segal). Pets can also serve as a companion when lonely. Some can even act as an audience when reciting a big presentation or stress reliever when finals are creeping up. Many students have tried to bring â€Å"Therapy Dogs† to college. Their reasoning is that their dogs help them reduce the stress and anxiety that many young students face daily. Some can even detect panic attacks before they happen and help calm their owner down (Martin). The number of people being diagnosed with depression and ADHD have risen dramatically over the years. The demand for Therapy Dogs have also increased in response. Depression is a growing problem in the teen/early adulthood community. Statistics have shown that students facing stress and loneliness in college are more likely to commit suicide and take their own life. One study showed how owning a pet can reduce loneliness and depression. Theres a reason dogs are â€Å"Mans Beet Friend† and thats because they act as a companion and show you love and affection. Their bright attitudes and soft, furry coat are proven to relieve any anxiety or depression you might have (Casciotti, Zuckerman). College can be a very hard transition for most teens. Most come into college with a preexisting depression disorder. Starting college can be difficult since you are away from home, on your own, and self-dependent. It has been proven that having a pet can help ones mood. From being sad, lonely, and depressed, the subject immediately became happy and excited when brought a dog (Nagengast). The same was done with a cat and the results didnt vary. A study given to California University states that 86% of their students would want to bring their pet to college or would like to have a pet for college (Martin). When going to college it can be very beneficial to have a pet to bring with you. They help in many ways. They teach you responsibility, improve your mood, and help fight against depression, stress, and anxiety. It is clinically proven that owning a pet can dramatically improve your overall well-being. This can be crucial to a student during a tough time in their life. Having a pet can also decrease student suicides and even student dropout rate. Bringing pets to college will be very beneficial to the students and should be allowed in more colleges and universities.

Organizational Behavior High School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Organizational Behavior High School - Essay Example According to the essay findings every member of an organization from top manager down to operator needs clearly spelled out-objectives. These objectives should be derived from the goals of the business enterprise. Thus there is a need for every manager to spell out his contribution to the attainment of organizational goals in all areas of the business. The managers must understand that business results depend on balanced efforts and results of a number of business areas. The objectives of all managers at all levels and in all areas should be a key to both short range and long-range considerations. ; As the paper discusses organizations like an organism must adopt themselves to their environment if they are to survive and grow. The pressure for such changes comes from within the organizational leadership or from some external force. A desirable form of change should be evolutionary rather than revolutionary. Good managers, therefore, must conceive of an communicate explicitly to their employees the need for a necessary change. Change is virtually the characteristic of an industrial enterprise. The rate of change in industry has increased markedly as the consequences of the scientific and technological revolution that is going on at an increasing rate. Organizational change is the number one problem of modern managers. Change is inevitable. Management of change certainly does not imply random and unplanned responses to a changing environment. An organization consists of inter-related and interacting systems, to perform complicated tasks. Principal among these are: (i) Authority and power system or the system of work flow and process, (ii) Re-organization of the tools and techniques used in the system involving provision of better equipments. (iii) Change in the attitudes and behaviors and inter-personal relationships of people working in the organization through systematic manpower planning. Reasons for Organizational Change There are a number of factors both external and internal, which affect organizational functioning. Any change in these factors necessitates changes in an organization. The more important factors are as follows: Change in Environment. Every organization exists in some context. 'No organization is an island unto itself' Each must continually interact with other organizations and individuals - the consumers, suppliers, unions, shareholders, government - and many more. Each organization has goals and responsibility related to others in its environment.

History of the Mayan Culture based on remains found by archaeologists Research Paper - 1

History of the Mayan Culture based on remains found by archaeologists - Research Paper Example nt Mayan culture in the light of the available records discovered by their predecessor archaeologists for comparing the facts and figures related to the distinguished civilization under consideration. Although no authentic written record is available portraying the exact picture of pre-history Mayan, the relics estimate the very fact that the ancient civilization of the Mayan region existed somewhat between 200 BCE and 800 CE in Mexico and its adjacent areas situated in North America geographically in the north east of the Pacific Ocean (Forrest, 2004:7). Consequently, only contextual analyses could be made in order to define the domestic life, community organization, trade and business and political structure of Mayan civilization in the light of figures and ancient writings (Marcus, 172). In addition, Keen & Haynes (2004:52) also endorse the estimation that the region of Mayan culture encompassed present day Belize, and parts of southern Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras, where the community experienced highest influential political and economic position and esteem from 200 to 900 CE in comparison to its neighboring areas. Although less than 1% or so is known to the p resent world about the Mayan people (Keen & Haynes: 53), yet the relics demonstrate that the individuals belonging to that era were highly educated, cultured and civilized ones, who had command over mathematics, geometry, astronomy and other disciplines and their rules. Their architecture reveals the very fact that the Mayan people used to construct buildings in a symmetrical way, according to mathematical rules and formulae; the same could also be witnessed by critically examining the pyramids and edifices constructed by them in ancient times (Joralemon, 60-61). They also maintained knowledge of astronomical and astrological principles, and observed the same while constructing the directions of their houses, temples, political set ups and cultural centers. While taking the religious

Environmental Studies Lecture Notes Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Environmental Studies Lecture Notes - Case Study Example Next he went over the homework assignments and the reading assignments. As we finally got started with the class itself, he started a discussion what renewable sources of energy are. Essentially it's an energy source that renews itself without effort; they can be used over and over again. These kinds of sources can include solar, wind, biomass, hydrogen, geothermal energy, hydroelectric energy, and ocean energy. This class is focused more on production more than previous classes in the program because it's more cost-effective to conserve energy before you try to produce it. Each of these sources of energy have some positive and potentially negative elements that might come into play. Some of the first vocabulary he went over was solar constant, which is the amount of energy that goes by the earth. Insolation talks about how much solar radiation hits the ground and there are three different kinds - direct, diffuse, and reflected. One sun is another term that will come up often and ref ers to the amount of sun an area gets in a day. Azimuth and altitude angle. Altitude is the height of the sun in the sky. Azimuth angle is the angle from the south. This has an effect on where and what orientation we build solar panels to achieve maximum power source. The optimum is to go south, west is better than east, and consider areas of shade. The angle of the solar panels should be equal to the latitude, but can be adjusted in consideration of the uses of the project (summer, winter, other environmental conditions like fog). Although some utilities will pay you for excess power you produce, but they aren't obligated to do so by law. Basics of PV cells is that it is a semi-conductor electron pump that creates about .5 volts of DC power per cell, a number of cells are collected to create a module and a collection of modules is an array. Types of PVs are stand alones (sometimes with batteries) or Grid intertie (tied into the grid and the meter goes backwards), and they're made o f crystalline silicon (multicrystalline is the most popular right now), thin film, and concentrators or tracking devices to add greater efficiency. Building integrated PV means a low efficiency PV system that works with the building to provide additional comfort and collect power at the same time. After going over a normal set-up and some examples, we discussed the need for battery backup systems - 3-5 days of backup is typical and should provide power for the essential systems such as refrigerator, etc. There's a lot of estimating about installing a system - you have to estimate the load and the production, the available sunlight, and the reliability of the system. Have to know the difference between kW (unit of power) and kWh (energy). Factors that affect output include temperature, dirt, wiring losses, and AC to DC conversion. Then we discussed how to calculate energy. We ended the lecture with an introduction to solar thermal - heating hot water, space heating, or pool heating - and replaces the need for natural gas. Again, conservation takes precedence over efficiency. Systems are better than they used to be in the 70s. Types of thermal systems are batch heaters (collection and storage are together) and flat plate collectors (collection and

1 page synopsis that you think embodies the notion of skepticism Essay

1 page synopsis that you think embodies the notion of skepticism - Essay Example He believes that huge advancements made in scientific research would enable us to meet the aliens on equal footing. The author actually means that as history of civilization has shown, development of society vis-Ã  -vis education, science and technology and democratic pattern of society has made us more tolerant and inclusive society that thrives on understanding and mutual respect. So the more advanced aliens would also behave in similar way and would prefer to understand and corroborate rather than destroy us. It is for this reason that he is skeptic of Stephen Hawking’s prophecy that aliens would be like nomads who would be colonizing planets when they reach there. The article is interesting because it discusses aliens’ invasion or their encounter with us in future. He has doubts about Stephen Hawking’s belief about the nature of encounter with aliens because of his idea that advancements have made us more civilized! Indeed, it has resulted in development but today, we have more wars and acts of violence which have become lethal due to technology. So aliens could be violent species and we should be prepared for that. (words:

Communication & Cultural Studies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Communication & Cultural Studies - Essay Example The Mexican people identify with their culture and every work that seems to acknowledge this fact is appreciated by everyone in the country. Diego Rivera had this in mind when doing his painting because it captures the attention citizens in respect to the cultural aspect. This paper under the guidance of Stuart Hall focuses on the cultural identity of the Mexican people and their nationalism as is reflected in Zapatista’s landscape painting. The paper also analyses the effects and operations of other aspects such as racism, and sexuality. The researcher also seeks to understand why the Mexican people appreciate their culture using works in reference to different cultural theories. Diego Rivera’s Zapatista’s Landscape panting symbolically translates the cultural identity of the Mexican people in form of a visual image. Diego uses images as a representational system that embarks on using sings and symbols to bring out meaning of what is happening during the post-revolutionary period in Mexico, the best way for people to understand and reflect. As we shall later see, these symbols give the Mexican people a sense of identity. The representations manifested by the painting are cultural products which are created within the contemporary Mexican society during the post-revolutionary period. The painting contains background information that helps provide insight about the complexity of the situation in Mexico. This instills the Mexican people of the need to uphold their nationalism and remain united to face the challenges the strike them. This painting serves to create awareness among the Mexican people and also enhance curiosity concerning the themes that the artist wants to communicate with his fellow countrymen. Diego Rivera clearly communicated his message to the people through his art works and creates the desire